On the approval of the Concept of Family and Gender Policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030
Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 6, 2016 No. 384.
In order to implement the principles of gender equality in all spheres of society, I HEREBY DECREE:
1. To approve the attached Concept of Family and Gender Policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Concept).
2. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan should develop and approve an Action Plan for the implementation of the Concept (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) within three months.
3. Central state and local executive bodies and organizations should take measures to implement the Plan.
4. Control over the implementation of this Decree is entrusted to the Administration of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
5. This Decree shall enter into force from the date of its signing.
President
Republic of Kazakhstan
N.Nazarbayev
Approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on December 6, 2016 No. 384
Concepts of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030
The footnote. The concept is in the wording of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 04/01/2022 No. 853.
Content
Section 1. Passport of the Concept of family and Gender Policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 Section 2. Analysis of the current situation 2.1 Achieved results and problems in the field of family policy 2.2 Achieved results and problems in the field of gender policy Section 3. Overview of international experience Section 4. Vision of the development of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan Section 5. Basic principles and approaches to the development of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan Section 6 Section 1. Passport of the Concept of family and Gender Policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 Section 2. Analysis of the current situation 2.1 Achieved results and problems in the field of family policy 2.2 Achieved results and problems in the field of gender policy Section 3. Overview of international experience Section 4. Vision of the development of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan Section 5. Basic principles and approaches to the development of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan Section 6. Target indicators and expected results Section 7 Action Plan for the implementatiTarget indicators and expected results Section 7 Action Plan for the implementation of the Concept of Family and Gender Policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030
Section 1. Passport of the Concept of family and gender policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030
The footnote. Section 1 as amended by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 04/13/2023 No. 195 (effective from the date of its first official publication).
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Name of the Concept
The Concept of Family and Gender Policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Concept)
Grounds for development
Paragraph 82 of the National Action Plan for the implementation of the Address of the Head of State to the People of Kazakhstan dated September 1, 2021 "Unity of the people and systemic reforms - a solid foundation for the country's prosperity", approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 13, 2021 No. 659; Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 26, 2021 No. 521 "On Amendments to Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 15, 2018 No. 636 "On Approval of the Strategic Development Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2025 and Invalidation of Certain decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan";Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 26, 2021 No. 99 "On Amendments to Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakapproved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated September 13, 2021 No. 659; Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 26, 2021 No. 521 "On Amendments to Decree of ident of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 15, 2018 No. 636 "On Approval of the Strategic Development Plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2025 and Invalidation of Certain decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan";Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 26, 2021 No. 99 "On Amendments to Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 29, 2017 No. 790 "On Approval State planning systems in the Republic of Kazakhstan"
The Government agency responsible for the development of the Concept
Ministry of Information and Public Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Government agencies responsible for the implementation of the Concept
Ministry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan;Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; MinistMinistry of Information and Social Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan;Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan;Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan;Ministry of Culture and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of National Economy Of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan; akimats of Astana, Almaty and Shymkent cities and regions
MP – Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan
EOM – Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Terms of implementation
2022-2030 years
Section 2. Analysis of the current situation
2.1 Achieved results and challenges in the field of family policy
The footnote. Subsection 2.1 as amended by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 09/15/2022 No. 1013.
The State family policy is an integral part of the social policy of Kazakhstan and represents a system of pThe State family policy is an integral part of the social policy of Kazakhstan and represents a system of principles, assessments and measures of organizational, economic, legal, scientific, informational and personnel support aimed at improving the conditions and improving the quality of life of the family.
The goals of the State family policy are to support, strengthen and protect families, create the necessary conditions conducive to the physical, intellectual, spiritual, and moral development of families and their members, and protect motherhood, fatherhood, and childhood.
Strengthening the institution of family and family values
In order to implement the national state task of preserving cultural values, traditions, spirituality, educating the younger generation and strengthening the status of the family, Family Day has been established in Kazakhstan.
Since 2014, the national competition "Mereily Otbasy" (hereinafter referred to aSince 2014, the national competition "Mereily Otbasy" (hereinafter referred to as the competition) has been held annually, which is aimed at reviving moral values and cultivating a positive image of family and marriage (matrimony), increasing the status of the family. Over the years, more than 18,000 families from all regions of Kazakhstan have participated in the competition.
In 2021, changes were made to the rules of the competition. Under the new rules, applications for participation in the competition were submitted not only by families themselves, but also by educational, healthcare, culturIn 2021, changes were made to the rules of the competition. Under the new rules, applications for participation in the competition were submitted not only by families themselves, but also by educational, healthcare, cultural organizations, labor collectives, industrial enterprises, non-governmental organizations (hereinafter referred to as NGOs) and other legal entities.
Thanks to the changes introduced, all 17 families that became winners at the regional level will be awarded the titles of laureates of the competition.
An authorized body in the field of family policy has been identified.
In order to conduct multifaceted research on the situation of the family in Kazakhstan with the definition of prospects and directions of development, a center for the study of the family institute has been established in the structure of the NAO "Kazakhstan Institute of Social Development". The Center has prepared national reports "Kazakhstani families", "On countering domestic violence in the Republic of Kazakhstan", conducted research on the state and development of Kazakhstani large families, families living in rural areas, divorces and their consequences, parenting patterns, and others.
More than 100 social projects in the field of family policy are implemented annually in the republic within the framework of the state social order and grant financing by non-governmental organizations.
There are family yard clubs and family social clubs in the regions to enhance the social partnership of families and organize training. Educational, psychological, and leisure services are provided in family yard clubs, and clubs for children and teenagers are open.
Public associations of fathers involved in the moral and patriotic education of schoolchildren have been developed in the education system.
For most Kazakhstanis, family is an important value, they try to spend as much time with their children as possible. Thus, according to the survey "Family and Demographic Policy", 50.3% of parents are with their children all the time, 32.7% try to spend every day together, 8.3% spend every weekend and holidays together, and only 0.4% never spend their free time with their children. The majority of children discuss their hobbies with their parents (88.3%), most of most Kazakhstanis, family is an important value, they try to spend as much time with their children as possible. Thus, accordig to the survey "Family and Demographic Policy", 50.3% of parents are with their children all the time, 32.7% try to spend every day together, 8.3% spend every weekend and holidays together, and only 0.4% never spend their free time with their chidren. The majority of children discuss their hobbies with their parents (88.3%), most ofthe children like to communicate with their family (85.2%), and only 2.3% of them talk about the lack of mutual understanding with their relatives.
The majority of citizens strive to instill in children such values as respect for elders (61.3%), diligence (61.0%), self-respect (43.0%), self-confidence (37.6%) and justice (29.5%). Next are such values as self-development (20.1%), spiritual growth (19.1%), patriotism (16.5%), helping other people (11.7%), the ability to adapt to difficult situations (11.5%), individuality (9.5%)1.
Despite the importance of the institution of the family in Kazakh society, divorces and the birth of a child out of wedlock tend to increase. Almost every third marriage breaks up.
The proportion of divorces of spouses with minor children has increased. In 2016, 141.7 thousand marriages accounted for 51.9 thousand divorces (36.7%), in 2020 128.8 thousand marriages accounted for 48.0 thousand divorces (37.2%). However, there has been a decrease in divorces during the pandemic. Thus, the share of dissolved marriages in the number of registered marriages by the end of 2020 was 37.2%, while at the end of 2019 this figure was 42.8%.
The divorce rate in 2019 increased from 2.92 to 3.23 in compa
Research in the field of family relations shows that crisis-free family development is almost impossible, but it does not always lead to the breakdown of marriage, as the grounds for divorce can be a variety of reasons, but for each married couple they are individual. The data from the respondents' responses show that the most common causes of divorce were adultery or the appearance of a second family, the next most common being the interference of relatives in family life. In addition, systematic domestic violence, alcoholism, and jealousy are increasingly being cited as reasons for divorce, followed by material reasons such as unemployment, lack of funds, and housing problems.
Married couples who do not have children together are more likely to divorce, their share was 34.9%. The share of divorces among couples with 2 or more children in common is 33.3%, with one child in common - 31.8%. Since the difference in data is small, it can be concluded that having children is not a deterrent to divorce among Kazakhstanis.
According to the National Report "Kazakhstani Families 2020", cases of domestic violence (43.2%), problems of alcoholism, drug addiction of one of the spouses (39.7%), cases of adultery (35.8%) can serve as a justified reason for divorce in the opinion of Kazakhstanis. Also, almost every fifth respondent cited one of the spouses as the reason for gambling. A fairly large group of respondents (14.7%) believes that divorce cannot be justified. Other reasons justifying divorce may include lack of love and understanding (13.5%); lack of children (12.1%). According to the respondents, the most significant consequence of divorce is the growth of single-parent families with children (75.5%). Also mentioned among the negative consequences were: depression of one of the spouses (17.5%), alcoholism of divorced spouses (14.8%), a decrease in a woman's standard of living after divorce (11.1%), suicide (10.8%), a decrease in fertility (6.3%).
The number of single parent families is growing. In 2009, their share increased by 6.8% compared to 1999. Of these, more than 400,000 women raise more than 700,000 children, and more than 60,000 men raise more than 300,000 children (15.1% of children live with one mother, 6.4% of children live with one father). Thus, every 5th child lives in a single-parent family.
The gender-based freedom of men leads to a weak participation of fathers in the upbringing of children and the problem of paying child support. The number of civil cases on the recovery of alimony for the maintenance of minor children based on claims decreased from 7,117 in 2016 to 6,228 in 2020. The number of civil cases on the recovery of alimony for the maintenance of minor children in cases of writ proceedings also decreased from 40,092 in 2016 to 36,653 in 2020.
At the same time, the number of cases of problematic alimony payments increased by 9.8%.
The data from the mass survey demonstrate a rather low degree of men's participation in interaction with children. Thus, according to the study "Family and Demographic Policy" (2021), mothers most often spend time with children, study and take walks (38.1%) or father and mother together (40.2%), fathers are least likely to interact with the child independently (2.1%).
"Civil" and intermarriage marriages are becoming more common among some representatives of ethnic groups, and cases of the union of men and women being consolidated not in civil registration authorities, but in religious associations have become more frequent. At the same time, unacceptable family values are being cultivated, contradicting the modern position of women in the family, her social activity and employment. In the future, conflicts occur in such families, leading to the dissolution of marriage. It should be noted that one fourth of divorces (24.1%) occur in interethnic marriages, which indicates the problem of intercultural interaction.
There are cases of abduction and forced marriage of girls, which is a crime in a legal and secular state.
Problems:
Lack of family planning and an unconscionable approach to parenthood can have negative consequences for the family and its members in the future.
Insufficient involvement of fathers in the parenting process, which is manifested in a lack of paternal attention and spending time with children.
There is a tendency for an increase in divorces, while the presence of children, as a rule, is not a deterrent to divorce among Kazakhstanis.
State social support for families
State social support for families with children is provided primarily through social benefits, payments and services. The system of providing social benefits includes allowances for the birth of a child and for the care of a child under one year old, for the upbringing of a child with a disability, and a state allowance for mothers with many children and families.
In 2008, social payments were introduced for cases of loss of income due to pregnancy and childbirth, adoption of a newborn child (children), as well as child care after reaching the age of one year from the compulsory social insurance system.
In order to create opportunities for combining family responsibilities with work, labor legislation establishes norms on the rights of parents to flexible forms of employment and parental leave. The norms that fix the specifics of regulating the work of women, pregnant women and women with a child (children) are also reflected.
The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Special Social Services", adopted in 2008, made it possible to expand the range of services provided to individuals and families in difficult situations.
Orphans and children left without parental care have access to a guaranteed amount of special social services; neglected minors, including those with deviant behavior; minors in special educational institutions, educational institutions with special conditions; children from birth to three years old with disabilities of early psychophysical development; persons with disabilities the first and second groups; persons with disabilities due to socially significant illnesses and diseases that pose a danger to others; elderly people living alone; victims of domestic violence and human trafficking; persons without a fixed place of residence and released from prison; persons registered with the probation service.
Since 2014, in order to ensure an adequate amount of pension savings for working women, subsidized mandatory pension contributions have been additionally provided for recipients of social benefits for child care.
In 2020, amendments were adopted to the Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, providing for the provision of part-time work to pregnant women, one of the parents (adoptive parent) with a child (children) under the age of 3, as well as an employee caring for a sick family member.
Work has been carried out to create a regulatory framework for the transformation of educational institutions for orphaned children and children left without parental care.
In order to assist in the upbringing of children in the family, and to provide financial incentives to adoptive parents and caregivers, one-time payments are provided to citizens who have adopted orphaned children, allowances to guardians or caregivers for the maintenance of an orphaned child and a child left without parental care, and payments to foster carers.
The effectiveness of the state's social support measures for motherhood and childhood is confirmed by positive statistics. So, in comparison with 2016, the birth rate increased by 6.5%, if 400.7 thousand children were born in 2016, then in 2020 - 426.8 thousand children. There is also an annual increase in the total fertility rate (the number of children per woman of fertile age). If in 2016 it was 2.77 in the republic, then in 2020 it increased to 3.13.
Infant mortality decreased by 1.1 times (from 8.59 in 2016 to 7.77 in 2020, per 1,000 births). The infant mortality rate per 1,000 births in the urban/rural area is 8.43 and 6.84, respectively.
In 2020, 430,686 women received a one-time state allowance in connection with the birth of a child (in 2016 - 438.1 thousand women), the amount of the assigned allowance amounted to 175 thousand tenge (in 2016 - 88.8 thousand tenge).
In 2020, 317.3 thousand women received a payment from the State Social Insurance Fund in case of loss of income due to caring for a child after reaching the age of one year, which is 1.5 times more than in 2016 (211.5 thousand in 2016). The average amount of payment is 32 thousand tenge.
Since 2018, there has been a high growth in recipients of state targeted social assistance (hereinafter referred to as TSA). So, if 28.8 thousand people received TSA in 2016, then 571.6 thousand people received TSA in 2018. By the end of 2020, the number of TSA recipients amounted to 936.2 thousand people. The average monthly amount of benefits paid has also increased from 2.4 thousand tenge in 2016 to 6.6 thousand tenge in 2020.
Currently, the State provides free school meals and free school uniforms for children from low-income families. The guaranteed social package for children from low-income families is provided in addition to the designated targeted social assistance and provides for the provision of food and household chemicals for children aged 1 to 6 years, as well as free hot meals at schools for school-age children, free travel to and from school, as well as school uniforms and accessories.
435.2 thousand children received a guaranteed social package in 2020.
The amount of the allowance for parents and guardians raising children with disabilities in 2020 amounted to 45,736 tenge (1.4 times the subsistence level).
The number of large families with 4 or more minor children living together who received state benefits in 2020 amounted to 392,433 people (in 2016 - 248,380).
The main problems that concern Kazakhstani rural families are financial problems (50.1%), housing and living conditions (31.7%), problems with employment (14.6%) and unavailability of medical care (8.3%). In the regional context, the following features are noted: rural residents of Mangystau (71.2%), Turkestan (68.2%), West Kazakhstan (66.0%) and Kostanay (64.2%) regions are more likely to indicate the urgency of material problems. Housing and living conditions concern every second respondent in Zhambyl (48.0%) and Mangystau (52.5%) regions. Unavailability of medical care appears more often than others in the responses of respondents from Atyrau region (36.4%). Rural residents of Atyrau (36.4%), Kyzylorda (22.4%), Zhambyl (18.0%), Turkestan (18.4%), East Kazakhstan (20.0%) and Akmola (17.6%) oblasts4 identified problems with employment as the main problem.
Problems:
The lack of effective mechanisms for regulating the work regime that take into account the interests of working single parents.
Preventive measures for working with families in difficult situations are not sufficiently developed. Thus, work with the family is carried out mainly upon the occurrence of a difficult life situation.
Creating conditions for the protection of reproductive health of men and women
In comparison with 2016, the number of organizations with women's consultations and obstetric and gynecological offices increased by 14% in 2020. The share of pregnant women using antenatal services in the whole country in 2019 was 87.4%, which is 5.8% more than in 2016. The proportion of births attended by qualified medical personnel was 99.4%. This indicator is typical for countries with a very high level of development. According to the indicator "paid maternity leave in Kazakhstan", Kazakhstan ranks 26th in the world.
In 2020, 16,187 cases of infertility were registered in the republic among women, 1,372 among men. About 16% of marriages are infertile, where the main causes of infertility have been identified equally in both men and women. Men's destructive attitude to their health, abuse of bad habits, and a tendency to risky behavior in the workplace lead to chronic diseases and mortality at an economically active age.
In 2020, the Head of State, in his Address to the People of Kazakhstan "Kazakhstan in a new reality: Time for action," called the family and demographic situation one of the subjects of serious concern. Every sixth family in Kazakhstan cannot have children. To solve this problem, the Government was instructed to launch a special program "Kazakh Sabi" from 2021 with a 7-fold increase in IVF quotas, for which more than 6 billion tenge was allocated from the republican budget.
In 2021, 7,000 women underwent IVF within the framework of the Kazakhstan Sabi program, about 3,000 pregnant women were registered, about 360 children were born, 181 of them female and 179 male.
There has been a decrease in reported cases of artificial termination of pregnancy from 17.3 cases per 1,000 women of reproductive age in 2016 to 15.7 in 2020. The number of women using contraceptives increased by 10.3% compared to 2016. The largest number of cases of artificial termination of pregnancy is observed in North Kazakhstan (23.5), Mangystau (22), Pavlodar (21.8), East Kazakhstan (20.8) and Karaganda (19.8) regions.
There is a problem of early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and cases of artificial termination of pregnancy at an early age. More than two million teenage girls and girls under the age of 18 live in Kazakhstan, which is one fifth of the total female population of the republic. On average, the number of early marriages is 1,000 cases per year, and the number of early pregnancies is 4.3 thousand registered cases per year. The number of cases of artificial termination of pregnancy in the age group from 15 to 18 years remains quite high and amounts to about 2 thousand. cases of artificial termination of pregnancy per year or 0.1% of the total number of teenage girls and girls under 18 years of age. By the end of 2020, the largest number of early marriages was observed in Almaty (141 cases), East Kazakhstan (96 cases), Zhambyl (91 cases) and Karaganda (83 cases) regions.
According to the analytical report on the results of the sociological study "Early Marriages", early marriage and early sexual activity lead to serious consequences for women, which affects the quality of a woman's health and life. A girl who got married in adolescence often has various health problems caused by her first early pregnancy and often short breaks between subsequent pregnancies and childbirth.
In recent years, progress has been made in shaping safe reproductive behavior among adolescents and young people through information and advisory support. Since 2016, the number of youth health centers for adolescents and youth has increased 1.5 times, from 80 in 2016 to 128 in 2020.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on reproductive health. More than 80% of women did not seek help from reproductive health services (maternal health, family planning) after the start of the pandemic, of which 5.9% faced difficulties in obtaining maternal health services, 5.4% family planning services and 3.8% in receiving psychological support.
The effects of the pandemic have also been reflected in an increase in maternal mortality. If in 2016 this figure was 12.7 per 100,000 live births, then in 2019 it reached 13.7. In 2020, there was a sharp increase to 36.5 cases per 100,000 live births.
11.1% of urban women and 7.6% of rural women faced problems in obtaining maternity-related services.
In order to provide assistance to pregnant women and mothers with newborns, a "Situational Obstetric Center" has been organized that monitors pregnant women in serious and critical condition on a daily basis, a clinical protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in pregnant women and methodological recommendations "On the procedure for providing medical care to pregnant women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic" have been developed.".
Along with the successes achieved, the problems remain relevant, in which high gender gaps and imbalances are registered. The life expectancy of men is still lower than that of women. In 2020, the life expectancy for women is 75.5 years, and for men it is 67.1 years. The gender gap is 8.4 years. Among the reasons contributing to the persistence of the gender gap in life expectancy, there is a lack of proper attention to the development of men's health as an independent cluster of domestic healthcare. There is still an increased incidence of occupational injuries among men. The rate of occupational injuries in men is 4 times higher than in women. The proportion of men working on equipment that does not meet safety requirements has increased 6.6 times compared to 2016. Excessive demands on men's behavior patterns against the background of poorly developed practices of seeking psychological help lead to the fact that men are 5 times more likely than women to commit suicide.
Problems:
Insufficient coverage of men and women, including adolescents, by reproductive health professionals, especially in rural areas.
Insufficient involvement of the population in the protection of their own reproductive health.
Countering domestic violence
Some progress has been made in the prevention of domestic violence. On January 1, 2010, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Prevention of Domestic Violence" was put into effect in Kazakhstan.
A unit for the protection of women from violence was established in the internal affairs system (in 1999), which coordinates the activities of police services and takes measures to protect victims.
In accordance with the instructions of the Head of State given on February 25, 2021 at a meeting of the National Council of Public Trust, the number of inspectors for the protection of women from violence has been increased by 2 times (129 units have been introduced) and brought up to the required standards of responsibility (total 248 units).
They are now available in every city and district police department, whose activities will be aimed at responding promptly to violence against women and children.
There are 36 crisis centers in all regions of Kazakhstan (31 of them have shelters), whereas in 2006 there were only 24 centers in 10 regions where victims of domestic violence received a guaranteed amount of special social services. In 2020, the number of complaints of violence amounted to 3,544 people.
Information and educational campaigns "16 days against violence against women" are held annually in all regions.
The activities of family support resource centers have been organized. There are 31 family support centers "Zhanuya", "Bakytty Otbasy" and others in the regions. The centers provide psychological, social, legal and other necessary assistance to every family in a difficult life situation, as well as comprehensive support in the development of the family institution.
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